HIV and AIDS is one of the big threats to development in Mozambique. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS among youths and adults (15- 49 years of age), was estimated at the rate of 11.5% between 2008 and 2009 (INSIDA 2009). In 1997 the rate was 8.6%. There is no nationally set goal for 2015.

Malaria is still one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in Mozambique.  In 2009, 27% of intra-hospital deaths and 47% of all deaths were associated with malaria. There are eight nationally set goals to prevent malaria and deaths due malaria by 2015. It is evaluated that the target is potentially met but the environment has to improve.

Tuberculosis is a serious public health problem in Mozambique. The target for this disease by 2015 is to lower its prevalence from 298 to 149 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and to reduce mortality from 36 to 18 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. More than half (66%) of the patients with TB are HIV positive.