The environmental issues are one of the key developmental challenges in Mozambique, and thus having critical impacts on human development:

• The national framework to address climate change issues had been non-existent in Mozambique, prior to the UNDP's launch of the Africa Adaptation Programme that was launched in March 2010 with key national institutions, i.e. the Ministry of Environment, the National Disaster Management Institute, the Ministry of Planning and Development, and the National Metrological Institute. The inception workshop produced the first step towards creating such a national framework through developing the capacities of each institution and ensuring coordination and dialogue between the partners. The programme is closely linked with the progress and national framework established so far in Disaster Risk Reduction, since disaster process is coupled with the impact of climate change.
• CPR was marginally addressed in UNDAF and CPAP, which was corrected following CPAP MTR, and it is being addressed at outcome level.
• UNDP’s leadership role in DRR was clear at DRR sectoral working group and UN JP.  Central and regional emergency management centers was capacitated, and UNDP played a catalytic role in simulation, contingency planning, early recovery, and risk assessments;
• Given the fact that climate change is an emerging development issue, in 2011  it was not been easy to address it.  However, UNDP played a crucial role in establishing the country’s institutional framework, bringing in key stakeholders to the table and creating conditions for policy and strategy development.  Issues related to climate change and gender are particularly emerging;
• With limited capacities available, the environmental sustainability portfolio had in 2011 an initial difficulty to kick off.  However through UNDP’s efforts, it was implemented at full swing, completing key economic studies on linkages between poverty and environment and integrating environmental issues to development plans and budgets. A significant improvement was observed this year on the capacity of the Ministry of Environment in integrating poverty and environment issues in key Ministries’ plans and strategies, as well as in selected district development plans due to continuous training and dialogue. Clear results in the Poverty and Environment Initiative (PEI) area were demonstrated; 
• UNDP’s leadership in demining was notable in 2011 (35 Mine Free Districts 6 Districts awaiting demining operations, 30 Districts with ongoing demining operations, 50 Mine free Assessment ongoing, 42 Mine Free Districts  / no known landmines).  Technical support was provided to National Demining Institute (IND), to strengthen its capacities in information management, coordination functions, and quality assurance activities. 3 demining operators in 2011 have a geographic responsibility, and the district-by-district approach is being used to clear all landmines by 2014.  Women deminers has been promoted;
• During 2011, a registration system was set up in Ministry of Interior (MINT), for small arms and light weapons in partnership with a Brazilian NGO (Viva Rio) Meanwhile, the level of government commitment to address this issue was this year considered limited.